Behaviour Changes in People with Dementia: Understanding and Managing Challenging Moments

Caring for someone with dementia can be both rewarding and challenging. One of the most significant challenges caregivers face is managing behaviour changes that often accompany the progression of the condition. Understanding these changes is the first step in providing compassionate and effective care.

Common Behaviour Changes in Dementia

As dementia progresses, it’s common for individuals to exhibit a range of behavioural changes. These may include:

1. Aggression and Agitation
   Verbal outbursts, physical aggression, or general restlessness are often triggered by confusion, frustration, or discomfort.
2. Wandering and Restlessness
   A common symptom where individuals feel the need to walk continuously or attempt to leave their home or care facility. This behaviour may stem from disorientation or the need to find something familiar.
3. Repetitive Behaviour
   Repeating questions, tasks, or movements is typical and often results from memory loss and confusion.
4. Shadowing and Clinginess
   Some individuals may become overly attached to their caregiver, following them around and feeling anxious if left alone—a behaviour known as ‘shadowing.’
5. Hallucinations and Delusions
   As dementia advances, some may experience false beliefs or see things that are not there, which can be frightening for both the individual and their caregivers.
6. Sundowning Syndrome
   This is an increase in confusion and agitation during the late afternoon or evening.

Understanding the Triggers

Behaviour changes in people with dementia are often triggered by:

• Physical discomfort — Pain, hunger, or fatigue can contribute to irritability.
• Environmental factors — Loud noises, crowded spaces, or unfamiliar settings may cause distress.
• Emotional triggers — Feelings of loneliness, confusion, or fear can lead to agitation.
• Medical conditions — Infections or untreated health conditions can worsen behaviours.

Identifying the root cause of these behaviours can help in managing them effectively.

Managing Challenging Behaviour

Here are some practical tips for caregivers:

1. Stay calm and patient
   Responding with patience can help de-escalate tense situations.
2. Maintain a routine
   A predictable daily schedule can reduce confusion and anxiety.
3. Create a safe environment
   Remove potential hazards and ensure the living space is comfortable and familiar.
4. Use distraction techniques
   Music, gentle activities, or engaging in conversation can sometimes redirect negative behaviour.
5. Acknowledge feelings
   Showing empathy and understanding can help soothe distress.
6. Limit distractions
   Reducing background noise and visual clutter can help the person focus and feel less overwhelmed.

When to Seek Support

While many behavioural changes can be managed with patience and understanding, some situations may require professional support. If the behaviour becomes too challenging or poses a safety risk, consulting a healthcare provider or specialist can be beneficial.

Homecare Gurus: Your Trusted Partner

At Homecare Gurus, we understand the complexities of caring for a loved one with dementia. Our experienced caregivers are trained to manage challenging behaviours with empathy and expertise, ensuring your loved one remains safe, comfortable, and well-cared for. Reach out to us today to learn how we can support you on this journey.

Final Thoughts

Understanding and managing behaviour changes in people with dementia is crucial for enhancing their quality of life. With patience, empathy, and the right strategies, caregivers can navigate these challenges more effectively, ensuring that their loved ones are safe, comfortable, and supported throughout their journey.