January marks Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, a time to reflect on the importance of educating and empowering women to take charge of their health. At Homecare Gurus, we believe that awareness is the first step toward prevention, and we are committed to sharing valuable information on cervical cancer, its risks, and the importance of early detection.
What is Cervical Cancer?
The World Health Organisation defines cervical cancer as a cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix. Cervical cancer usually develops slowly over time. Before cancer appears in the cervix, the cells of the cervix go through changes known as dysplasia, in which abnormal cells begin to appear in the cervical tissue. Over time, if not destroyed or removed, the abnormal cells may become cancer cells and start to grow and spread more deeply into the cervix and to surrounding areas. While it often develops slowly, with no noticeable symptoms in the early stages, cervical cancer can be deadly if left undetected. Thankfully, it is one of the most preventable types of cancer through regular screenings and vaccination.
The Importance of Regular Screenings
The Pap smear (or Pap test) and the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) test are crucial tools in detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells before they become cancerous. Early detection can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment. Women aged 21 to 65 are recommended to undergo regular screenings, with frequency depending on age and health history. These tests are vital in detecting precancerous conditions early on, which can then be managed effectively.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Long-lasting (persistent) infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) causes virtually all cervical cancers. Two high-risk types, HPV 16 and HPV 18, cause 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. Nearly all people who are sexually active will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. Most HPV infections go away on their own within a year or two as the immune system controls the infection. These short-term infections do not cause cancer. When a high-risk HPV infection lasts for years, it can lead to changes in the cervical cells, resulting in a precancerous lesion. If the precancerous lesion is not found and removed, it may eventually develop into cervical cancer.
People who become sexually active at a young age, especially before age 18, or have multiple sexual partners are more likely to become infected with a high-risk type of HPV. The good news is that there’s now an HPV vaccine available to prevent infection from high-risk strains, further reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
In the early stages, cervical cancer may not show any signs. Recognising symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice:
– Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after sex, or after menopause)
– Increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
– Symptoms like persistent pain in the back, or legs
– Weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite
– Pain during intercourse
– Pelvic pain
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to see a healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation.
Prevention, Vaccination and Treatment
Cervical cancer is highly preventable, especially through the use of the HPV vaccine. The vaccine is recommended for girls and boys as young as 11 or 12, though it can be given up to age 26 and the vaccine can be given starting at age 9. Additionally, practising safe sex by using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Some adults between the ages of 27 and 45 who are not already vaccinated may decide to get the HPV vaccine after talking with their doctor about their risk of new HPV infections. The HPV vaccine is given as a series of two or three doses, depending on age.
Clinical evaluations and tests to confirm a diagnosis are important and will generally be followed by referral for treatment services, which can include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy as well as palliative care to provide supportive care and pain management.
Management pathways for invasive cancer care are important tools to ensure that a patient is referred promptly and supported as they navigate the steps to diagnosis and treatment decisions. Features of quality care include:
- a multidisciplinary team ensuring diagnosis and staging (histological testing, pathology, imaging) take place prior to treatment decisions;
- treatment decisions in line with national guidelines; and
- interventions are supported by holistic psychological, spiritual, physical and palliative care.
Supporting Loved Ones and Raising Awareness
While we focus on cervical cancer prevention, we must also remember to support those affected by this disease. If you know someone undergoing treatment, offering emotional support and helping them access proper care can make a world of difference. Raising awareness through social media, community events, and spreading factual information can also help reach more people.
At Homecare Gurus, we are dedicated to fostering health, well-being, and awareness. Cervical cancer can be prevented, and by sharing knowledge, we can help save lives. Let’s continue to advocate for better health and a future free of cervical cancer.